Community Empowerment Through Appropriate Technology: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Program in Home-Made Batik Industry at Ngawi, Indonesia

Winarko Winarko; Bambang  Hadi Sugito; Sri Utami; Sari Luthfiyah

doi:10.35882/ficse.v1i2.7

Authors

Winarko Winarko Department of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-4826
Bambang Hadi Sugito Department of Dental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya
Sri Utami Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia; Pusat Unggulan Iptek Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-2379
Sari Luthfiyah Department of Medical Electronics Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9677-7209

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35882/ficse.v1i2.7

Keywords:

Community Empowerment, IPAL, UKM, Griya Batik Widi Nugraha Ngawi

Abstract

The increasing number of companies and the number of batik productions in the Ngawi region is directly proportional to the amount of wastewater produced and thus poses a burden on the environment as the overflow of wastewater is absorbed from the production process. The results of the laboratory analyses showed that the values for TSS, color, COD, BOD, total ammonia, oil, and grease exceeded the quality standards. Prevention of pollution from wastewater is done through community empowerment. Community empowerment aims to realize the development of Appropriate Technology for Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) and the prevention of Wastewater Pollution to the Environment Around Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) Griya Batik Widi Nugraha, Ngawi Regency. The benefit of community empowerment is to provide experience for other Batik Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) development programs. Community empowerment at UKM Griya Batik Widi Nugraha Ngawi uses methods of document collection, site surveys, preparation of processing systems, training, and demonstrations. The target group of community empowerment activities at Griya Batik Widi Nugraha Ngawi are the owner of Griya Batik Widi Nugraha Ngawi, batik workers at Griya Batik Widi Nugraha Ngaw, workers in the dyeing and washing process, administrators of Ngawi Batik Association and construction workers. Results of Community Empowerment of UKM Griya Batik Widi Nugraha Workers and Surroundings Together with the academic community of Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, appropriate technology was built for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with a capacity of 1,464.5 liters per day, which is still safe for UKM Griya Batik Widi Nugraha Ngawi Regency. The stages of wastewater treatment are pre-treatment, secondary treatment, tertiary treatment, and storage of the final product. The results of the functional tests based on effluent samples from the final treatment showed that the treatment plant was able to reduce the levels of TSS, color, COD, BOD, total ammonia, oil, and grease that exceeded the quality standard to meet the quality requirements as per the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.16/MENLAHK /SETJEN/KUM.1/2019. These results provide benefits for UKM Griya Batik Widi Nugraha to prevent pollution and can use treated water as a source of fish pond water and watering the garden. It is recommended that community empowerment can be continued by other SMEs that have the potential to dispose of wastewater from production activities and pollute the environment through the use of appropriate technology (TTG) research results by lecturers or students so that they do not stop as intakes.

References

“Ferry Kriswandana dan Winarko (2019). Laporan Penelitian. Surabaya : Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya,” p. 2019, 2019.

N. Ratola, A. Cincinelli, A. Alves, and A. Katsoyiannis, “Occurrence of organic microcontaminants in the wastewater treatment process. A mini review,” J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 239–240, pp. 1–18, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.040.

J. Hewitt, M. Leonard, G. E. Greening, and G. D. Lewis, “Influence of wastewater treatment process and the population size on human virus profiles in wastewater,” Water Res., vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 6267–6276, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.029.

E. Ellouze, N. Tahri, and R. Ben Amar, “Enhancement of textile wastewater treatment process using Nanofiltration,” Desalination, vol. 286, pp. 16–23, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.025.

KLHK, “Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.16/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/4/2019 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah,” J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2019, [Online]. Available: file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/fvm939e.pdf.

A. R. Karimi, N. Mehrdadi, S. J. Hashemian, G. R. N. Bidhendi, and R. T. Moghaddam, “Selection of wastewater treatment process based on the analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process methods,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 267–280, 2011, doi: 10.1007/BF03326215.

F. Murphy, C. Ewins, F. Carbonnier, and B. Quinn, “Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTW) as a Source of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 5800–5808, 2016, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05416.

M. Razali et al., “Sustainable wastewater treatment and recycling in membrane manufacturing,” Green Chem., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 5196–5205, 2015, doi: 10.1039/c5gc01937k.

S. Arzate, S. Pfister, C. Oberschelp, and J. A. Sánchez-Pérez, “Environmental impacts of an advanced oxidation process as tertiary treatment in a wastewater treatment plant,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 694, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.378.

M. Bottero, E. Comino, and V. Riggio, “Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Analytic Network Process for the assessment of different wastewater treatment systems,” Environ. Model. Softw., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1211–1224, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.04.002.

P. V. Nidheesh and R. Gandhimathi, “Trends in electro-Fenton process for water and wastewater treatment: An overview,” Desalination, vol. 299, pp. 1–15, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2012.05.011.

E. P. Tao, W. H. Shen, T. L. Liu, and X. Q. Chen, “Fault diagnosis based on PCA for sensors of laboratorial wastewater treatment process,” Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., vol. 128, pp. 49–55, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2013.07.012.

D. Mamais, C. Noutsopoulos, A. Dimopoulou, A. Stasinakis, and T. D. Lekkas, “Wastewater treatment process impact on energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions,” Water Sci. Technol., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 303–308, 2015, doi: 10.2166/wst.2014.521.

M. Garrido-Baserba, A. Hospido, R. Reif, M. Molinos-Senante, J. Comas, and M. Poch, “Including the environmental criteria when selecting a wastewater treatment plant,” Environ. Model. Softw., vol. 56, pp. 74–82, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.11.008.

L. Castellet-Viciano, V. Hernández-Chover, and F. Hernández-Sancho, “Modelling the energy costs of the wastewater treatment process: The influence of the aging factor,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 625, pp. 363–372, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.304.

A. Babuponnusami and K. Muthukumar, “A review on Fenton and improvements to the Fenton process for wastewater treatment,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 557–572, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2013.10.011.

V. Hernández-Chover, Á. Bellver-Domingo, and F. Hernández-Sancho, “Efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities: The influence of scale economies,” J. Environ. Manage., vol. 228, no. September, pp. 77–84, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.014.

Y. Han, K. Yang, T. Yang, M. Zhang, and L. Li, “Bioaerosols emission and exposure risk of a wastewater treatment plant with A2O treatment process,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 169, no. November 2018, pp. 161–168, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.018.

J. A. Garrido-Cardenas, B. Esteban-García, A. Agüera, J. A. Sánchez-Pérez, and F. Manzano-Agugliaro, “Wastewater treatment by advanced oxidation process and their worldwide research trends,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010170.

H. Han and J. Qiao, “Nonlinear model-predictive control for industrial processes: An application to wastewater treatment process,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1970–1982, 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2266086.

J. Talvitie, A. Mikola, O. Setälä, M. Heinonen, and A. Koistinen, “How well is microlitter purified from wastewater? – A detailed study on the stepwise removal of microlitter in a tertiary level wastewater treatment plant,” Water Res., vol. 109, pp. 164–172, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.046.

S. Program and K. Masyarakat, Kandangan I Kota Surabaya Untuk Mewujudkan Sekolah Oleh : 2020.

P. Jin, X. Jin, X. Wang, Y. Feng, and X. C., “Biological Activated Carbon Treatment Process for Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment,” Biomass Now - Cultiv. Util., 2013, doi: 10.5772/52021.